Aufbau und Funktion
Das Skelett des Menschen ist eine feste, aber flexible Achse des Körpers. Es gibt dem Organismus die Form und dient den Muskeln als Ansatzstelle und Gegenspieler.
The appendicular skeleton consists of the appendages or limbs that connect to the axial skeleton. The 126 bones of the appendicular skeleton include the bones of the hips, leges, and feet plus the bones of the shoulders, arms, and hands. This skeleton gives the body a wide range of movement. On each side of the body a collarbone extends from the top to the sternum to the shoulder blade. The pectoral girdle is formed by the collarbones and the shoulder blades. The pectoral girdle provides the connecting points for the arms to the axial skeleton.
There is only one bone in the upper arm and it fits directly into the shoulder blade. At the other end two bones meet forming the forearm at the elbow joint. There are eight small bones of the wrist that are angled and arranged in two rows. This gives the wrist flexibility. These wrist bones connect with five bones in the hand that form the frame of the palm. In each finger there are three bones, except the thumb that has only two bones. The joints in the fingers and thumb are called knuckles.
The pelvis or bones of the hip, form a strong ring that balances the weight of the body on the legs. It serves as protection for most of the abdominal organs, especially the reproductive organs. These bones are tightly fused so they are usually considered just one bone. The hip bones fuse soon after birth. The structure of the pelvis will vary in men and women. In the male the pelvis is narrow and deep with a small opening. In the female the pelvis is broad and shallow with a large opening that allows a baby to pass through during birth.
The biggest, strongest and heaviest bones in your body are the thighbones as they must support the body. Each of the thighbones extend from the pelvis to the knee. Below the knee, two smaller bones share the body's weight. The larger of the two is located on the inside of the leg, while the smaller is on the outside. The larger bone carries most of the weight coming from the thighbone and transfers it to the foot. The smaller bone allows the ankle a wide range of movement. The kneecap is held in place by tendons from the muscles around it. The structure of the foot is somewhat like that of the hand, but is stronger and more rigid. Five bones form a frame for the top of the food connecting with the toe bones. The big toe, like the thumb, has only two bones. The other toes have three bones each, just like the fingers. The large bones of the foot and the smaller bones of the toes absorb the shock of walking.
Joints are the place at which two bones meet with varied construction to move or to prevent movement. These joints are crossed by ligaments and tendons. Ligaments are thick cords of white fibers that bind bones of one other. Tendons are bands of white fibers that connect muscles to bones. They are both made of collagen
There are three kinds of joints: freely movable joints, partially movable joints, and immovable joints. Most joints are freely movable. Of the freely movable joints there are four kinds. The free moving joints consist of the hinger joint, the pivot joint, the gliding joint, and the ball-and-socket joint. The elbow and the knee joints are examples of hinge joints. The two bones in the forearm meet to form a pivot joint. Gliding joints allow bones to slide over one another. A ball-and-socket joint is formed when the ball-shaped end of one bone fits into a cup-shaped section of the bone joining it.
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Funktion
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Typische Erkrankungen
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